1) Requirements Define the mission, constraints, safety requirements, and measurable success criteria. This makes tests honest and comparable.
2) Trade-offs Compare alternatives: sensor suite, power system, compute, propulsion, and mechanics. Choose what fits your timeline and risk profile.
3) Design & Build Build modular. Create an integration plan so parts can be swapped and tested without large rewires or rework.
4) Integration Establish a known-good baseline, checklists, logging, and clear interfaces. The goal is repeatability.
5) Testing Bench → shore → water. First safety, then stability, then performance. A test plan + real data enables faster decisions.
6) Iteration Post-test reviews, root-cause analysis, and small shippable improvements. Low risk, high learning — often.